Effect of Increased Levels of Car Ownership

Effect of increase Levels of machine OwnershipThomas Wust Increased levels of motor machine self- forget is it unprompted places to the point of no return?In the past century, the car has give out an everyday essential item for increase numbers of people globally. in that respect argon 5 people in my house and we have got unity car. It has a diesel engine, and it is used for the school run every Monday to Friday. My pop music then takes the car to Wolverhampton to work. He uses more fuel travelling 6 miles in the town to drop me and my brothers off at our schools and my mum at work, than he does travelling 22 miles on the motorway to go to work. The excursion time isnt much different either. symbolize 1 simple machine Ownership Levels7KEY601+501-600301-500151-300101-15061-10041-6021-4011-20The stand for shows that in most MEDCs, on that point atomic number 18 over 301 cars per capita, whereas in LEDCs, there are considerably less (mostly Map2 (below) from Worldmapper8 shows car ownership levels from a different perspective. Larger than life theatres e.g. North America, lacquer and the UK have high levels, whereas shrunken areas have fewer, hence why Africa and part of Asia are visually smaller than Europe and America. This may be a necessity in some areas eg remote rural areas where commonplace carry links are limited (Cumbria, UK) or a luxury in others, where reality maneuver networks are seamless eg Germany.Map 2 railroad car Ownership a different viewOver time, cars have rick increasely common place but bay window the existing roadstead and relate infrastructure cope with the extreme increase of car ownership? Will the extent of road cover sequence release over-run in the emerging? Is it indeed impetuous places to the point of no return?The number of cars accessible in the UK (known as the car parc) has risen from 17 million in 1971, to 31 million in 2007 according to the RAC. Thats almost bivalent in 36 years (average annua l increase of 3%).Car Ownership on the increase what are the rushs?What are the kernels of increase car ownership?The effects of car ownership are estim suitable for some, but not for others. Socially, the car is an easy commute, and is accessible to all, regardless to age or height (persons under 17 in the UK cannot drive, however they can be passengers). There are impacts in regard to health, because CO2 emissions in UK cities are too high according to EU rules, look uponing possible impacts for those with breathing related ailments.Economically, the effects are positive because it creates transport related employment generates income from fuel duty and road tax, which help the UK government to translate a safer driving environment. even so, there is a negative effect scotchally. When a vehicle collides with another, or crashes into property, insurance companies pay for the damage, which costs them a dish of bullion.Environmentally, there are precisely downsides to c ar ownership the largest being the emissions released from a cars exhaust, and because car ownership is increasing, the problem leave alone only(prenominal) develop and cause more problems, unless car designs improve. Noise pollution is an redundant problem. Toll roads also cause environment problems. This is because many are built over green-field land (land not built on) and they are used by a small amount of people in the UK, therefore not only is it bad for the environment, but its also a waste of money and land. According to a campaigner for better transport in the UK, the M6 gong has no net benefit for drivers whilst causing huge and irreversible environmental damage.11 The M6 Toll carries 55,000 vehicles per day12, out of the 2 million vehicles in the West Midlands. Thats 0.022% of vehicles in the West Midlands per day that arguably makes it an expensive race track.Also, vegetable oil consumption becomes a problem, especially with the car ownership rates increasing in china We project that the total vehicle stock volition increase from about 800 million in 2002 to over 2 meg units in 2030. In particular, Chinas vehicle stock volition increase nearly twenty-fold, to 390 million in 2030. This fast speed of vehicle ownership expansion implies rapid growth in oil demand.13Oil is a non renewable fossil fuel. We have gone beyond peak oil and leave behind need to find alternatives, potentially this entrust help the environment. This could be rectified by manufacturing car that use biofuels make of organic matter and other materials, and electric cars. Again, popular transport travel into this category, however, in the UK especially, we need to work on the reputation of frequent transport in terms of cost, friendliness of employees and late arrivals.Globally, car ownership is increasing however different countries are increasing at different rates. Map 3 (p6) shows how many cars the country had per gram people in 2010.The map shows that the U.S . has the highest amount of cars to 1000 people and Kenya have the lowest with 24 cars to 1000 people. What I find very surprising from this info is how low Chinas and Indias cars per capita is, however I believe this is a genuine move by China and India from an environmental perspective because of their flourishing thrift and workforce, they already emit high levels of carbon dioxide emissions in the realness. Having a turn away car ownership rate than other countries per 1000 people assists in bringing the amount of carbon emissions down. In addition to this, China is a NIC (newly industrialised country), and so is India, so they may not be able to command such a large car ownership per capita. Because this data is 4 years old, the numbers would have changed. My prediction in 2014 is that the NICs (See table below) would have increased car ownership per capita, as their countries are developing and transport is much needed. MEDCs are trying to humble the amount of cars on th e road due to climate change targets needing to be met, especially the case in the EU. LEDCs would have stayed the same or increased if more cars are bought or as they begin to become a developing country.MEDC CountryCars per CapitaNIC CountryCars per CapitaLEDC CountryCars/capitaU.S.797Japan591 due south Africa165Australia717Russia293Kenya24New Zealand713Brazil249Canada607China83U.K.519India18In comparison to MEDCs and LEDCs, it is clear that MEDCs have a higher number of cars per capita than LEDCs.The main causes of car levels rising is a race increase. With 7 billion people on the planet now, people lack an easy method of transport and the car is the obvious solution for most. If the worlds population carries on increasing at the predicted rate of 1 billion people every approximately 12 years in the world, the effects of increased car ownership could be increased congestion, more grid lock, and an unhealthy effect of the Earths climate.What if we ..increase the cost of cars wh en the customer already has 2 cars to their household. This could discourage customers from purchasing extra cars and will result in fewer cars on the roads. In addition, fewer cars mean less repairs and refurnishing on the roads, making less congestion and traffic jams. This will also return the risk of collision if there are fewer cars.Increase road taxes. Although this will be extremely unpopular with motorists, it will mean they have less disposable income to spend on supererogatory cars. Furthermore, the extra money is going to the government, and they put the money back in to making driving safer by placing safety cameras.enforce a justness which limits a household to 2 cars. This will be effective because it prevents riotous car ownership and will aid in the sustainability of road structures because there will be fewer cars to damage the road. The knock on effect here is reduced employment in the car industry. fix additional roads on unused land. Although this is definite ly not environmentally friendly, it will mean that vehicles have more roads to use. This will assist in making less grid locks and less congestion. This scenario isnt fully sustainable because car ownership is always rising (if predicted rate happens), and eventually those roads will be used up too.Create more public transport capacity. Even though a household may own 3 cars, they will be used less if we tempt them onto the slew or consider. The solution is great if you live in an urban area where these services are available however this may not be a viable solution to people living in a rural area where a bus service or train station isnt available.Develop more cycle routes and pedestrian pathways to supercharge people to walk to their destination or cycle there. Not only will this help with the congestion and grid lock problem, it is also service of process the environment because fewer emissions from cars will be released into the atmosphere. This also helps with the UK obes ity case too.If we look to Germany and Switzerland, their public transport systems are developed and provide an minute service, as I can say because of personal experiences and comparisons among the UKs. However it seems that the UK are taking steps forward in improving public transport, as the government have confirmed a 2.7bn deal to build new state of the art trains between London and Scotland. UK Transport secretaire Patrick McLoughlin saidThese new trains will transform rail travel between many of the great towns and cities of England and Scotland. This deal is further proof that our long-term economic plans are on track, creating jobs and breathing new life into the UKs train-building industry.In conclusion, I feel that we need to tempt drivers from their cars and convince them to use public transport or cycle and walk as an alternative. Walking brings health benefits to the individual and in terms of reduced emissions. Car ownership is driving us to the point of no return , we cannot escape that fact, however with careful solicitude and thought we could turn the corner and become more sustainable.As a result of my research, when I am older and able to drive, I will try to only own one car, two only if it perfectly necessary. This is to help the levels of car ownership stay the same or decrease in my area, helping my and others health. 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