'Economy Oil and gas Essay\r'

'Qatar occupies a lilliputian peninsula that extends in to the gulf from the east side of the Arabian Penisula countries bordering it ar Saudi Arabia to the west and the joined Arab Emi rank to the southwest it’s rigid in the spunk East and borders Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia. Its macrocosm is approximately 907,229 with a macrocosm produce of 2. 4 %. The birth consecrate is 15. 6/1000 and has an babe mortality of 17. 5/1000. The life expectancy is 74. 1 and the population density per squ ar meter is 214. Males from 0-14 historic period and 15-64 age ar much than females and generally males be more than females.\r\nThe death rate is currently 4. 82/1000. The jibe fertility rate is 2. 75 children per woman. life history expectancy is 76 years for women and 71 years for men. The population is under threat as women argon marrying easyr in life and the abortion rates be increasing The official language in Qatar is Arabic and English is the second common lan guage. The tallest voice of its population is Arab that forms approximately 40% the Pakistan and Indians constitute individually 18% of the total population while Persian and opposite races form 24%. 95% of its citizens atomic number 18 Muslim. Qatar’s total atomic number 18a is 11,437 km2 all of which is on land.\r\nThe climate is arid mild and has pleasant winters however very hot and humid summers. The terrain is mostly right away and barren withdraw from that is covered with loose Island and gravel. The essential re fountains in this acres be petroleum and stomachcel ordnance. Qatar territories implicate a number of islands and the most no impertinentorthy Island is Hawar Island. Halul is the export terminal for the off shoring up petroleum depicted object. (http://www. infoplease. com/ce6/ creative activity/A0840678. html) It consists of forthwith rocky surfaces notwithstanding has some hills and smooth dunes, which reach an altitude of 40m above the ocean level, in the westbound and trade uni matchlessrn split.\r\nIt has a pelting-draining basis in the join and Central areas. The climate is a desolate one with hot summers and mild winter. Coral reefs along the ports and shal diminished peeing systems make navigation intemperate especially on those areas where channels permit not been dredged. Long summers from June through September confirm unrelenting heat and alternating dryness and humidity with temperatures exceed 55 degrees centigrade. From November through May there are moderate temperatures. Winter temperatures can fall to 17 degrees centigrade. The countrified receives very little rainfall that fills small ravines and the dry wadis.\r\nWater is saline and hence conflicting for drin pouf or for irrigation purposes due to the high mineral content. Desalination of ocean body of water supply is a common class period in Qatar. Through desalination In the North West there are jagged limestone outcroppings that hiking over 40 meters high. To the sulfur, impressive sand dunes purloin up to 60 meters. Other not subject features include coastal brininess pans that are elevated by limestone formations along the west coast where Durkhan Oil fields and massive sand dunes surrounding Khor al Udaid which is an ingestion of the gulf in the southward East cognize as inland sea.\r\nHalul, the most essential island, lies round 90 kilometers east of Doha and it serves as a storage area and as a freight terminal for oil color from surrounding offshore fields. Qatar is limestone and dolomite peninsula of both flat and rocky surfaces and extreme desert conditions. The coasts are generally low with marine terraces and Sabkhas in several places. The sand dunes sacrifice moved more and more southwards due to the effect of the prevailing rises. major backbone dunes are situated in the south eastern parts while limestones are to the westward and northern parts of the unsophisticated.\r \nMost land is quiet, lowbrow and scenically beautiful. It contains geographical features that are peculiar to the western side of the Arabian Gulf. at that place are the rainwater draining basin to the north and central parts which are considered the most fertile and attract dim agricultural coronation. Khor al-Udaid is a deep inlet from the sea on the south east coast. It is a ‘water sanctuary’ and seeking for commercial purposes is banned. It is a sea bay that harbors sea animals wish sea turtles, water fowls, and sea birds. It is too an important breeding realm for dolphins. Flamingos also gather there during winter.\r\nIt also has ponds like the Umm- say sewage pond and Salwa road ponds. Al-Aliyah Island is also an important feature. It is turn up 13kilometers to the north east of the capital, Doha. It consist weather-beaten limestone rocks and has uneven patches of salt tolerant bushes. It is an abode of shore birds, gulls, and* Al-Dhakita mangrove loca ted 7 km north Al Khor consist of a group salt water bays. With dense mangrove growth with all-inclusive mud flats and salt marshy vegetation. It has valuable fish and shrimp stocks and is important destination for wintering birds and water ducks and flamingoes.\r\nSabkha refers to flat saline areas of sand or silt be above the water table and often containing blue nodules and veins of gypsum and a hydrite that was deposited over a long beat by the action of track blown sand. They have a crust of halite and gypsum. Caves or dulus are also widespread in Qatar. Ground water and rainwater reaction with soft surface and subterranean dissolves in limestone and gypsum creating cavities and the ceilings may collapse exposing the interior. It contains ten square(a) caves although most have collapsed to form depressions and dolines of the northern Qatar.\r\nSand dunes are also prominent features in Qatar. They have a crescent shape as the wind ward face is ripped off by the wind actio n. The leeward side collapses under the driving wind. Qatar has an elicit plateau of tertiary limestone standing out in the desert about 20meters high. This is between Dukhan through Umm Bab towards the Saudi Arabian border. Low hills are mushroom wrought due to erosion of underlying softer rocks. Gypsum crystals are also common. They are found south of Umm Said and are formed when high tides bring sea water into Sabkha.\r\nAs the water evaporates, it forms gypsum crystals that appear as low crystalline forms. To the western side Geodes are found. inhering hazards that are dominant here are haze dust storms and the common sand storms. Most of its population is literate and the illiteracy levels are very minimal. semipolitical system The presidency type of Qatar is emirate. The capital city is Doha. There are 10 municipalities that include. Al Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumaliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan, Al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Said and Umm Salal. The 3rdSeptember is the national holiday when mountain commemorate their emancipation.\r\nThe capita city Doha is located on the central East Coast and it’s major functions are administrative, commercial and it is a population center. It is located on a harbour. Other ports include Umm Said Al Khor and Al Wakrah, Umm Said and Doha maintain commercial shipping . The legal system is base on Islamic and civil law codes and the emeer tallys the discretionary system of law. However civil codes are creation implemented. The Islamic law dominates family and personal matters. emir Hamad stack away Khalifa al-Thani has been the chief of the state since 27th June 1995 aft(prenominal) a bloodless coup.\r\nHis pay back was not able to handle the plain’s sparing reforms. Since it is a monarchial government the father did not lose his designation as much power was already in his sons. Crown prince Jassim did not want to be king and he abdicated in favor of his younger brother. He rose to power after outdoing his father emeer Khalifa. The government is opusal monarchy and the ch pass around’s after part son Tamin salt away Hamad is the selected heir. Amir Hamad was the Armed forces commanding officer and defense minister when he seized power from his father who was out of the hoidenish.\r\nHe retains that title to date. He survived an essay coup in 1996. He had also taken his father t court on say state fund misappropriation. However this matter was work outside the court. Amir Hamad Khalifa father had deposed his cousin emir Al-Thani family continued to hold power after independence in 1971. Government departments are responsible for ensuring frugal and social progress. The emir’s leadinghip is influenced by consultation’s consensus and personal appeal. He is not accountable to anyone and he cannot violate the Islamic laws sharia.\r\nIn per taking his functions he must seek the tone of the leading notable and r eligious leaders. Expatriate and residents are excluded from elections. The role of municipal council is not executive barely offering advice to the minister. . The prime minister is Hamad put in Jasim bin Jabir al-Thani since April 3rd 2007. His deputy is Abdullah bin Hamad al-Atiyah. He replaced Abdullah bin Khalifa who resigned April 2007. The cabinet comprises of council of ministers all of which are appointed by the monarchy. Elections are rarely through with(p) since the system of persuasion is monarchial.\r\nHowever in April 2003 it held nationwide election for a 29-member central municipal council (CMC). The CMC has consultative powers geared to meliorate the efficiency in provision of municipal service. The consultative council or Maljis al-shura has 35 members who are appointed by the monarchy. Council members have their terms extended after all four years. However since the establishment of a new constitution in 2005, 10 more positions were to be introduced and the reality had a chance to elect 2/3 of the seats while Amir the president appoints the other 1/3.\r\nIntroduction of the archetypical constitution would guarantee freedom expression assembly and worship and increment of parliament seats. Elections are to be conducted late this year. Amir appoints all judges based on recommendations of supreme judiciary council. The branches of the judiciary are courts of premier instance appeal and cassation. Since it’s a monarchial government there are no political leaders or parties and political pressure groups. Women were allowed to vote for the first time in 1999 and municipal consisted of 29 members.\r\n republic is being incorporated ever since Amir brought broad changes in to the thrift. Economy Oil and gas are the dominant trade goods. They both account for more than 60% of the countries GDP. They also contribute to a breed of 85% of the country’s export pay and 70% of the government’s revenue. They are the reason s the country is one of the world fastest growing countries. They have seen it’s per capital rise to equal that of European Union. Due to sustained high oil prices the country is able to build its budget trade surpluses and unusual reserves.\r\nThe oil reserves in this country are more than 15 billion barrels and they can sustain continued surplus for more than 20 years. Natural gas reserves are also abundant. They exceed 25 trillion cubic meters, which is more than 5% of the word total and 3rd largest in the world. The country is undertaking measures to develop its gas field in ensuring that the country becomes the world’s take in liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter. Foreign investing is also being encouraged so that non- vigor renders can be improved by liberalizing the scotch system further. The country’s GDP real growth rate in 2006 was 7.\r\n1% and the per capita GDP was $29,800. newspaper publisher of the GDP is mainly industry, which is 75. 8%, a nd service firmament, which is 24. 1%. The unemployment rate was 3. 2% in 2006 and the inflation rate was 11. 8%. The major trading partners with Qatar are Japan, South Korea, Singapore, India, France, U. S, Saudi Arabia, united Arabs emirates, Germany and UK. Major imports are machinery and steer equipments manufactured goods, food and live animals. Japan receives the largest likeness of Qatar exports. Other important trading partners include South Korea and France.\r\nThe service sector accounts for approximately a ? of the total GDP and creates employment for the Qatar people. The government is promoting the tourism sector in an effort to trying to make it equate other industries in the frugal system. Qatar is the richest country in the Islam-dominated countries procession global demand for oil ensure emergence prices of oil and this leads to increase economic growth. The economy of this country is not diversified it depends so much on oil and gas. Qatar’s industri al readys are located in Umm Said. There is a fertilizer coiffe for urea and ammonia a steel plant and a petrochemical plant.\r\nThese industries use gas as their source of energy ands they are owned by state or European and Japanese firms. http://www. nationsencyclopedia. com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Qatar. html To control the influx of expatriate workers Qatar is tightening the administproportionn of its overseas manpower programs. Foreign educated Qatar’s are returning back floor to develop their home country. Development of other industries give enable the economy to withstand future possible negative oil s hooks. Real economic growth had slowed down in 2002 after OPEC enforced oil output cuts. The gas industry was however not affected.\r\nPrivate investment is encouraged to ensure that the country’s economic growth does not decline with changes in the market. sword industries have been making wampums for the past 10 years, non-oil sectors in Qatar are building and construction, real landed estate communication, agriculture, fishing water and electricity and banking. The state provides incentives to unlike investors, which include security loans from Qatar Industrial bank QIB eliminates denary quotas on imports no income tax on salaries of expatriates no export duties and no taxes on corporate profit for pre determined periods.\r\nThe country has a comparatively high public sector external debt. Debt has been incurred to finance LNG and other industrial products. The GDP is raising and thus the ratio of public external debt to GDP is declining. http://www. nationsencyclopedia. com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Qatar. html The economic challenge that the country faces is to maintain global competitiveness. There is need to improve on the macro-economic management and the public sector institutions. Absorption of new technologies ought to be done at a faster rate.\r\nThis translates to more revenues being redirected in imports over reliance on one industry is an issue that postulate to be addressed. Diversifying the economy is a safe approach of ensuring toast hock ups in oil industry give not adversely affect the countries economy. Investment in fibre education will also be a wise approach of addressing the country’s issue. It will reduce the number of foreign employees in the country by substituting them with the locals. Leadership or caliber of government also ought to be changed.\r\nDemocracy will go along way in maintaining economic stability in the long run. The monarchial system needs to be reformed. Levels of unemployment ought to be completely eradicated investing to a great extent in human capita and education city project sponsored by the Qatar foundation has seen worlds top universities and research centers to the country. Qatar joined other emirates of the Tricia coast in forming the United Arab Emirates but together with Bahrain they disagreed about the merger but preferably for med independent nations.\r\n(Crystal Jill,1995) A border feud with Saudi Arabia was settled in 1992 although the dispute with Bahrain clay unsolved. It signed a defense pact with the US and it became the third country in the Gulf to do so. It is home of the immensely popular but disputable Arabic Satellite Television Network Al Jazeera. Contraversial because it is accused of not being free and neat in its broadcasts. Al Jazeera is not only(prenominal) popular in the Arab world but also globally.\r\nIt was the only channel allowed to operate from Afghanistan and the first to air Osama bin Laden’s statement in October 2001. It favors those who are its allies and does not criticize or air anything negative about its own Government. (El-Nawawy et al, 2002) Pollution from oil and gas industries has negative impact on the miscellany of species. It is an issue that ought to be addressed. Qatar is surrounded by sea on three sides and its territorial waters cross 35,000 square kilometers. Marine life has to adapt to the rough-cut conditions of salty water and soaring temperatures.\r\n'